The biggest indigenous groups are believed to have been speakers of Jê languages, which were located in the central, in the north and in the south of the country, as well as speakers of Tupi-Guarani languages, which was also a widely spread group, but mainly settled on the coast. As one can see, the indigenous population of Brazil was not settled on one particular point but rather through the whole country. Consequently, the map shows also the possible distribution of indigenous peoples at that time. The map above (Depiction 1) shows the assumed linguistic distribution of indigenous language families when Europeans first arrived in Brazil. 1-12).Ībbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthaltenĭepiction 1: The probable distribution of indigenous peoples in the age of Brazil’s decovery Although slavery of indigenous people was abolished in 1755, the practice continued right up until the end of the 19th century (Survival International Publication: 2000 p. To not lose the work force African slaves were imported to work in the sugar plantations. The genocide evolved in such a drastic manner that by the 17th century there were only a few Indians left on the coast. By that time, many tribes were not only brutally assassinated because of not wanting to submit to the horrors of slavery, but they were also killed by exposure to new diseases that the Europeans had brought with them and to which the Indians had no immunity. Thousands of Indians were enslaved and forced to work for colonial masters when they began to forage the newly encountered land.
It is estimated that when the Portuguese first landed in Brazil in 1500, there were about five million people living in over 1000 different tribes.
Indigenous Peoples in Brazil 1.1 The Geopolitical Situation of Natives Finally, a conclusion is drawn, followed-up by the list of sources and declaration about the authenticity of this term paper. This includes how indigenous school- and university programs have evolved in the last centuries and especially in the last decade and how didactic materials have also improved. The second chapter focuses on how indigenous languages are promoted. The first chapter deals with indigenous peoples in Brazil, their geopolitical situation, their languages and linguistic prejudices towards them. Therefore, this paper will mainly focus on indigenous languages, indigenous laws and rights, as well as indigenous education. Nevertheless, there are increasingly more parties, as for instance the NGO ‘Amazon Watch’ and ‘Survival’ as well as the Brazilian governmental protection agency ‘FUNAI’, which interest it is to protect the indigenous’ cultural diversity, including their languages.īrazil’s language policy is a very complex issue and cannot be presented in its complexity in this term paper. Paradoxically, Brazil has always had a Monolingualism- oriented policy. This vast linguistic variety, however, is neither promoted nor apprehended properly by the Brazilian government, although there are laws to protect it. Thus, Brazil can undoubtedly be considered to be multilingual. Most of those languages are spoken by indigenous peoples.
Sadly, this condition remains to be true nowadays.Īlthough Portuguese is the official and most spoken language in Brazil, there are also about 215 other languages that are spoken in this country (Müller de Oliveira: 2009 p. The majority of them had been extinct through the colonization process, but even after that indigenous people had to struggle and fight for their lives.
However, before becoming a Portuguese colony in 1500 Brazil was already inhabited by many indigenous peoples. Thus, in the last five centuries people from all over the world immigrated to Brazil and brought foreign rituals and traditions with them, which eventually also enriched the Brazilian culture. It must also be said that it has always been a migration country. It is not only known to have the planet’s largest remaining rainforest and wildlife, but it is also known to be rich in culture. The Promotion of Indigenous Languages in BrazilĢ.1 Facing Education Problems in Indigenous SchoolsĢ.2 Governmental Investment in Didactic Materialsīrazil is, generally speaking, a country of diversity. 1.1 The Geopolitical Situation of Nativesġ.2 The Decreasing Diversity of Indigenous Languagesġ.3 National and International Laws protecting Indigenous (Language) Rightsġ.4 Monolingualism and Linguistic PrejudiceĢ.
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